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Ecuador, known as the Republic of Ecuador in full, is one of the members of the Association of South American States, and it is located in the northwestern part of South America. It is adjacent to Colombia in the north, borders Peru in the south, lies close to Pacific in the west, and is a country not adjacent to Brazil together with Chile in South America, and has jurisdiction over the Galapagos Islands 1,000 km away from Ecuador. Its capital of Quito is located in the foothills of Pichincha Volcano.

Ecuador was originally a part of the Inca Empire. In 1532 it became a Spanish colony. On August 10, 1809 it declared independence, but it was still occupied by the Spanish colonial army. In 1822 it completely broke away from the Spanish colonial rule. In 1825 it joined the Greater Republic of Colombia. After the collapse of the Greater Republic of Colombia in 1830, the Republic of Ecuador was established. After the founding of the country, Ecuador’s political situation has been turbulent with coups one after another. Literati and military governments alternately came into power for a total of 19 times. In August 1979 the literati government was in power, ending the military rule since 1972.

Ecuador implements the presidential system, and the president is the country's top executive head. It carries out diplomatic policy of independence, autonomy and peace.

Ecuador is known as the "Country of Banana" and it implements economic dollar policy. The main tourist attractions are Quito Old City, Bread Mountain Goddess Statue, Independence Square and so on.

On October 28, 2015, the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly re-elected members to the United Nations Human Rights Council, and Ecuador was successfully elected with a term from 2016 to 2018.