The Syrian Arab Republic, known as Syria, is located in the west part of Asia, on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, bounded by Turkey in the north, bordered with Iraq on the east, adjacent to Jordan in the south and neighboring to Lebanon and Palestine (or Israel) on the southwest and separated by Mediterranean Sea with Cyprus on the west, including the Golan Heights. The country has a total area of 185,180 square kilometers. Its coastal and northern regions are subtropical Mediterranean climate while the southern region is tropical desert climate.

Syria is one of the birthplace of the world's ancient civilization and once experienced the rule by big powers including the Roman Empire, the Arab Empire and the Ottoman Empire etc. After the First World War, it began its governance by France, became independent in 1944, and since 1963 by the Assad family leadership of the Arab Baath Socialist Party in power. The beginning of 2011 saw the outbreak of protracted conflict between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition.

Syria is a middle-income country located in the center of the Middle East where oil and gas are the richest in the world, with its main economic income being agriculture, oil, processing and tourism. Its oil is facing depletion, its population grows too fast and the unemployment rate is gradually increasing.