Mongolia is located in the north of the People's Republic of China and the south of the Russian Federation. It is a landlocked country located in Asia. The capital and the largest city is Ulaanbaatar, and its political system is the parliamentary republic.

Mongolia was once governed by the Huns, Xianbei, Rouran and Turks etc. In 1206, Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire; in 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty; at the end of the 17th century, it was put under governance by the Qing Dynasty. In 1921, it declared independence in fact. In 1924, the the Mongolian People's Republic was established which was controlled by the former Soviet Union. In February 1992 it changed its name into "Mongolia".

Mongolia has a land area of 1,566,500 square kilometers, most of the area is desert Gobi, and the natural environment is poor. It is the world's 17th largest country in terms of land area; it has quite a small population, about 3.025 million (2015).

The western, northern and central of the country are mostly mountainous, while most of the east part are hilly plains and the south part is the Gobi desert. Rivers and lakes can be often seen in mountainous regions, and the main river are Seleng River and its tributaries Erhun River.

On October 28, 2015, the 70th United Nations General Assembly elected members of the United Nations Human Rights Council, and Mongolia was successfully elected with a term from 2016 to 2018.